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  1. Abstract A novel optimization algorithm for stable parameter estimation and forecasting from limited incidence data for an emerging outbreak is proposed.The algorithm combines a compartmental model of disease progression with iteratively regularized predictor-corrector numerical scheme aimed at the reconstruction of case reporting ratio, transmission rate, and effective reproduction number.The algorithm is illustrated with real data on COVID-19 pandemic in the states of Georgia and New York, USA.The techniques of functional data analysis are applied for uncertainty quantification in extracted parameters and in future projections of new cases. 
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  2. In the absence of reliable information about transmission mechanisms for emerging infectious diseases, simple phenomenological models could provide a starting point to assess the potential outcomes of unfolding public health emergencies, particularly when the epidemiological characteristics of the disease are poorly understood or subject to substantial uncertainty. In this study, we employ the modified Richards model to analyze the growth of an epidemic in terms of 1) the number of times cumulative cases double until the epidemic peaks and 2) the rate at which the intervals between consecutive doubling times increase during the early ascending stage of the outbreak. Our theoretical analysis of doubling times is combined with rigorous numerical simulations and uncertainty quantification using synthetic and real data for COVID-19 pandemic. The doubling-time approach allows to employ early epidemic data to differentiate between the most dangerous threats, which double in size many times over the intervals that are nearly invariant, and the least transmissible diseases, which double in size only a few times with doubling periods rapidly growing.

     
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